Proper Feeding & Nutrition
Donkeys evolved in arid desert regions and thrive on a high-fiber, low-sugar diet. Their meals should consist primarily of grass hay or safe native forage, not rich feeds meant for horses. Keeping calories low and fiber high is key to preventing obesity and metabolic issues. Learn more about feeding recommendations here:
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/everything-hay-guide-for-donkeys/
Water Requirements
Donkeys need clean, fresh water available at all times. Although they can conserve water well, dehydration can occur quickly, especially in hot climates or during winter when water may freeze. Offering warm water during cold weather encourages donkeys to stay hydrated.
Basic Health Care
Routine veterinary exams, dental checks, and weight monitoring are essential for keeping donkeys healthy. Catching problems early, before they become emergencies, dramatically improves outcomes. It is essential to ensure your donkey(s) are established as patients with a local veterinarian.
Deworming & Immunization
A vet-guided parasite plan is important, as donkeys often don’t show obvious signs of internal parasites. Annual core vaccinations and regular booster shots protect them from preventable illnesses. Read more about these topics here:
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/worming-donkeys/
Hoof Care
Donkey hooves grow continuously and require regular trimming every 6–10 weeks. Balanced hooves prevent lameness, support proper movement, and reduce strain on joints.
Shelter & Environment
Donkeys need dry shelter and wind protection year-round. Their desert heritage makes them prone to rain rot, mud issues, and cold-weather discomfort if housing is inadequate.
Training & Handling
Donkeys respond best to patient, consistent handling and positive reinforcement. Regular social interaction builds trust and keeps basic skills like haltering, leading, and lifting feet reliable.
Companionship Needs
Donkeys are deeply social animals and do best with another donkey companion. A bonded pair reduces stress, improves overall health, and supports emotional well-being. Donkeys are not designed to be solo equines. These articles provide guidance regarding housing donkeys in various situations:
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/housing-donkeys-and-horses-together-a-comprehensive-guide/
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/the-truth-about-donkeys-as-livestock-guardians/
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/the-reality-of-donkeys-housed-with-other-livestock/
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/why-donkeys-need-to-live-with-other-donkeys/
Weight Management
Donkeys are very efficient eaters and can become overweight quickly. Maintaining a healthy body condition helps prevent laminitis, metabolic syndrome, and joint issues.
Skin & Hair Coat Care
Regular grooming helps prevent parasites, skin infections, and matted hair, especially in long-haired breeds or during seasonal shedding.
Toxic Plants & Pasture Safety
Some common plants and trees can be harmful to donkeys. Pastures should be checked regularly to ensure they are free of toxic vegetation and hazards. Donkeys often browse more selectively than horses, which means they may nibble shrubs or trees if bored or underfed. Some toxins are more potent when leaves are wilted (e.g., cherry, red maple). Many plants remain dangerous even when dried in hay (e.g., ragwort, bracken fern). If you’re unsure whether a plant is safe, assume it isn’t until verified.
Behavior & Body Language
Understanding donkey body language like ear position, tail swishing, and vocalizations helps owners recognize stress, discomfort, or illness quickly.
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/donkey-first-aid-and-emergency-care-a-beginners-guide/
Lesser-Known Donkey Care Facts
Donkeys Hide Pain
Donkeys mask pain extremely well as a survival instinct. Subtle changes in behavior or appetite often indicate something serious. A donkey displaying signs of illness should be considered an emergency.
Dental Problems Are Common but Often Missed
Uneven wear, sharp points, or missing teeth can prevent proper chewing and lead to weight loss or choke. Read more here:
https://donkeyrescue.org/news/pvdr-ears/the-importance-of-donkey-dentals/
Donkeys Can Live 35–50 Years
Their long lifespan means owners must plan for decades of care, companionship, and financial responsibility. Learn how to care for your aging donkey(s) here: